APPLICATIONS:
Pulp & Paper
Chemical Processing
Distillation
Food processing
Textile
Plating
Nuclear
Black liquor concentration
Caustic solution concentration
Dye solution concentration
Anti-Freeze solution concentration
Concentration of syrup (solubles) from still
Concentration of fruit juice, sugar, gelletin and milk solutions
Waste water concentration for chemical recovery
Rinse water concentration for chemical recovery or disposal
Concentration of low level radio active waste water
Products:
Enders' Submerged, Horizontal Tube Forced Circulation Quadruple Effect Evaporator supplied to Kimberly Clark de Mexico for concentrating bagasse (high tube scaling liquor).
High vapor head elevation eliminates boiling in the tubes and scale formation from boiling. High tube velocity also keeps tube walls clean longer. Effect with the highest concentrated liquor is the effect with the highest tube velocity (& highest pump power requirement) In other words the effect with the highest tube fouling gets the most liquor resistance to tube fouling.
Enders' skid mounted, horizontal tube, forced circulation , double effect evaporator supplied to the U.S. Navy for concentrating plating waste as much as possible.
Evaporator mounted outside in a concrete containment basin. Constructed of all T-316 stainless steel, the evaporator was designed to minimize waste volume and thereby minimize waste hauling cost.
High concentration requires high tube velocity to keep tubes clean longer.
The higher the number of effects the less steam is required. A rule of thumb for steam usage is
Evaporators - Multi-Effect
More commonly used evaporators are: A) Forced Circulation (as above) used for high tube scaling or fouling (high liquor concentration) liquors, B) Rising Film used for low cost effects and where tube scaling/fouling from the liquor is low, C) Falling Film used for all effects because of higher heat transfer even at low temperature difference between shell side and tube side streams and where scaling/fouling of tubes from liquor is low.
Each effect boils at a lower pressure than it's preceding effect and it's motive steam is evaporation vapor from it's preceding effect. Another method of minimizing steam usage is recompressing evaporation vapors of a single effect to it's steam chest pressure and using it there as motive steam.
This process is called Mechanical Vapor Recompression, MVR. The MVR evaporator adapts well to the falling film type because of it's high heat transfer rates at low temperature driving force. Minimizing driving force (temperature on outside of tube – temperature on inside of tube) minimizes power required for recompression.
